Statistics

Think that’s complicated? This is the simplified version

Click this link to download the chart above.

Tim Coates has analysed the 2021/22 Cipfa figures and extrapolated from them the following:

GB (England, Wales and Scotland) CIPFA public library figures 2021/22 

Table compiled and prepared by Tim Coates 

• CIPFA were only able to obtain data from less than half  (43%)of the library authorities. However, that is a sufficient sample to show the national picture and trends. 
• The figures published are minimal, but this table below gives more detail 
• 2021/22 was the second full year of the Covid pandemic It is not surprising that there was more library use in 2021/22 than in 2020/21, when libraries were closed most of the year. 

• England forms 87% of the total service 
• CIPFA asked councils to report attendance at both physical and online events, but the numbers were too small to register 
• This table has been compiled from several sources 
• It has been adjusted to match the figures published by CIPFA on March 1 

Basic dataset for Libraries – Arts Council England. Updated list up until December 2023. “The Libraries Basic Dataset is intended to capture permanent instances of libraries, local history libraries, and archives from 1 April 2010 to 31 December 2023. It is also intended to capture the number of mobile libraries. It is possible to use this data to gain a national overview of the number of libraries and archives within local authorities in England, and some basic information about them. Data accurate as of May 2024.”

Value of libraries – Libraries Connected. Includes people who used libraries in England in 2019-20; role of UK libraries and library funding; library activity in England in 2019-20 and role of libraries during the pandemic.

The House of Commons Library report on Public Libraries represents the best general overview of the sector.

Analysing data: CIPFA statistics and the future of England’s libraries – DCMS, 2018. A very useful look at the statistical data.

Public libraries in England: extended basic dataset (as on 1 July 2016) – Gov.uk. Comprehensive list of libraries, updated January 2018. Shows the large numbers closed (XL) or passed to volunteers in some way (variously designated CL, CRL, ICL). This was updated on 27 July 2022. “The dataset is intended to capture permanent instances of libraries, local history libraries, and archives from 1 April 2010 to 31 December 2021. It is also intended to capture the number of mobile libraries.”

Spending on public libraries in the UK Overview CIPFA are the recognised source of official information on public libraries but their information is often several months late, open to interpretation and highly charged for.  Reform of how they collect and publish public library figures there is urgently needed. CIPFA public library comparators are free and publicly available for 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015 and 2016 and 2020. LISU until recently produced a free and very useful collections of statistics, including all important comparisons with several previous years here. The information I collect below is from various sources.

“According to CIPFA’s annual library survey, the squeeze on council funding continues to take its toll on libraries, as spending, paid staff and branches declined again last year (2016/17), for the 7th year running. During 2016/17 total expenditure on council-run libraries fell by £66m, paid staff numbers fell by 5% (869) and there are 105 fewer libraries*. During the same time period visits to libraries fell by 3%, which adds to a 14% decline over five years. Whilst library resources continued to bear the brunt of austerity, the support libraries received to fill resource gaps rose in 2016/7 by 6%, this includes specific grants from the government and other bodies. During the same period, volunteer numbers increased by 8%, 43% since 2012.” CIPFA December 2017.

Taking Part 2016/17: quarter 4 statistical release – Gov.uk (September 2017). “In 2016/17, 34.0% of adults had used a public library service in the 12 months prior to interview. This is significantly lower than in 2005/06 (48.2%) but similar to 2015/16 (33.4%).” … “The proportion of adults who had used a public library service at least once a month has decreased from 24.3% in 2005/06 to 16.0% in 2016/17” … “Since data were first collected, public library use has been significantly higher for females than males. In 2016/17, 38.3% of females had used a public library service in the 12 months prior to interview compared with 29.6% of males.” … “Unlike other cultural sectors, public library use is higher for the Black and Minority Ethnic group than for the White ethnic group.” … “In 2016/17, public library use was highest in London (39.9%) and lowest in the North East (27.1%) and Yorkshire and the Humber (27.4%).” … “In 2016/17, 12.8% of adults had visited a library website in the 12 months prior to interview. This is significantly higher than the rate of 8.9% in 2005/06 but lower than the rate of 14.2% in 2015/16 and the high of 16.9% in 2012/13.””

This presentation using CIPFA figures shows UK library trends 2015/16 while this one, also by Tim Coates, continues into 2016/17.

Public libraries in England: basic dataset – Data.gov.uk. Simple details (authority, name of library, address) for every library in England.  “Static public libraries in England (statutory* and non-statutory) as on 1 July 2016. also includes libraries that were temporarily closed on that date, eg. for refurbishment. Publication of this basic dataset provides a definitive source of data on public libraries in England that everyone can point to and use. This dataset will form the basis of a wider core dataset for public libraries in England. Building on this initial exercise, we will look at existing data collection (largely focused on inputs and outputs) and also aim to capture data which covers outcomes and impacts and the wider variety of activities libraries undertake. This dataset has been validated by all 151 library services in England, but handling this quantity of data means the occasional error is possible. If you spot any errors or missing information, please library-data@culture.gov.uk.”

With the main question being “how do you define a library”?

Spending

Details from Public Libraries: The Case For Support (October 2019) Libraries Deliver and The Big Issue

The figures below show a drop in spending of 38.6% from its peak in 2009/10 if one takes in to account inflation.  This is likely to be an exaggeration, however, as spending on staff salaries has been frozen (or nearly so: it has been 1% the year before last. 2% this) for the last five years and staffing represents a large percentage of overall library costs. If one ignores inflation completely, the decline from peak is more than halved at 18%. The true answer will likely be somewhere between the two figures. The figures are taken from the official Cipfa statistics.

A decline in usage is also seen in the USA, with the blame being given to technological change by Pew, but with others pointing out the decline in funding (Atlantic, April 2017).

Inflation is adjusted according to Bank of England calculator.

Spot when austerity comes in

Spending on public libraries in England

See this post (and comments) for an analysis of these figures. Here is another set of figures, taken from Cipfa figures and using Bank of England inflation calculator.

Total annual expenditure in England, inflation adjusted as percentage of 2012 spending

Changes in branch numbers

The following, taken from the Cipfa figures (based on returns from local authorities: they’re not independently audited) was put on Lis-pub-libs by Lionel Aldridge.  It is reproduced with his kind permission here.

Changes in book issues Contacts

• Contact details for all libraries in the UK in spreadsheet format,
• How to query Culture Grid for the information on public libraries list of addresses etc you want.

Usage

• Source of above data is UK “Taking Part” Survey and Cipfa statistics.  With thanks to Tim Coates.

Decline from 2005/6 to Q1 2014

Statistics collected by Tim Coates. reproduced by permission

• What is being lent – Public Lending Right figures 2012 analyses by the Guardian.
• Headline statistics – The Reading Agency 2012.
• Data about public attitudes to libraries – Carnegie UK 2012.
• Taking Part surveys – Gov.uk – look at percentage of population using libraries.  2013/14 Q1 (p.25) shows a fall in library usage but less steep than previously.